// Copyright (C) 2015-2025 Jonathan Müller and foonathan/memory contributors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Zlib

#ifndef FOONATHAN_MEMORY_DETAIL_SMALL_FREE_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
#define FOONATHAN_MEMORY_DETAIL_SMALL_FREE_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED

#include <cstddef>
#include <climits>

#include "../config.hpp"
#include "utility.hpp"
#include "align.hpp"

namespace foonathan
{
    namespace memory
    {
        namespace detail
        {
            struct chunk_base
            {
                chunk_base* prev = this;
                chunk_base* next = this;

                unsigned char first_free = 0; // first free node for the linked list
                unsigned char capacity   = 0; // total number of free nodes available
                unsigned char no_nodes   = 0; // total number of nodes in memory

                chunk_base() noexcept = default;

                chunk_base(unsigned char no) noexcept : capacity(no), no_nodes(no) {}
            };

            constexpr std::size_t chunk_memory_offset =
                sizeof(chunk_base) % detail::max_alignment == 0 ?
                    sizeof(chunk_base) :
                    (sizeof(chunk_base) / detail::max_alignment + 1) * detail::max_alignment;
            constexpr std::size_t chunk_max_nodes = UCHAR_MAX;

            struct chunk;

            // the same as free_memory_list but optimized for small node sizes
            // it is slower and does not support arrays
            // but has very small overhead
            // debug: allocate() and deallocate() mark memory as new and freed, respectively
            // node_size is increased via two times fence size and fence is put in front and after
            class small_free_memory_list
            {
                static constexpr std::size_t chunk_count(std::size_t number_of_nodes)
                {
                    return number_of_nodes / chunk_max_nodes
                           + (number_of_nodes % chunk_max_nodes == 0 ? 0 : 1);
                }

            public:
                // minimum element size
                static constexpr std::size_t min_element_size = 1;
                // alignment
                static constexpr std::size_t min_element_alignment = 1;

                // minimal size of the block that needs to be inserted
                static constexpr std::size_t min_block_size(std::size_t node_size,
                                                            std::size_t number_of_nodes)
                {
                    return chunk_count(number_of_nodes)
                           * (chunk_memory_offset + chunk_max_nodes * node_size);
                }

                //=== constructor ===//
                small_free_memory_list(std::size_t node_size) noexcept;

                // does not own memory!
                small_free_memory_list(std::size_t node_size, void* mem, std::size_t size) noexcept;

                small_free_memory_list(small_free_memory_list&& other) noexcept;

                ~small_free_memory_list() noexcept = default;

                small_free_memory_list& operator=(small_free_memory_list&& other) noexcept
                {
                    small_free_memory_list tmp(detail::move(other));
                    swap(*this, tmp);
                    return *this;
                }

                friend void swap(small_free_memory_list& a, small_free_memory_list& b) noexcept;

                //=== insert/alloc/dealloc ===//
                // inserts new memory of given size into the free list
                // mem must be aligned for maximum alignment
                void insert(void* mem, std::size_t size) noexcept;

                // returns the usable size
                // i.e. how many memory will be actually inserted and usable on a call to insert()
                std::size_t usable_size(std::size_t size) const noexcept;

                // allocates a node big enough for the node size
                // pre: !empty()
                void* allocate() noexcept;

                // always returns nullptr, because array allocations are not supported
                void* allocate(std::size_t) noexcept
                {
                    return nullptr;
                }

                // deallocates the node previously allocated via allocate()
                void deallocate(void* node) noexcept;

                // forwards to insert()
                void deallocate(void* mem, std::size_t size) noexcept
                {
                    insert(mem, size);
                }

                // hint for allocate() to be prepared to allocate n nodes
                // it searches for a chunk that has n nodes free
                // returns false, if there is none like that
                // never fails for n == 1 if not empty()
                // pre: capacity() >= n * node_size()
                bool find_chunk(std::size_t n) noexcept
                {
                    return find_chunk_impl(n) != nullptr;
                }

                //=== getter ===//
                std::size_t node_size() const noexcept
                {
                    return node_size_;
                }

                // the alignment of all nodes
                std::size_t alignment() const noexcept;

                // number of nodes remaining
                std::size_t capacity() const noexcept
                {
                    return capacity_;
                }

                bool empty() const noexcept
                {
                    return capacity_ == 0u;
                }

            private:
                chunk* find_chunk_impl(std::size_t n = 1) noexcept;
                chunk* find_chunk_impl(unsigned char* node, chunk_base* first,
                                       chunk_base* last) noexcept;
                chunk* find_chunk_impl(unsigned char* node) noexcept;

                chunk_base  base_;
                std::size_t node_size_, capacity_;
                chunk_base *alloc_chunk_, *dealloc_chunk_;
            };

            // for some reason, this is required in order to define it
            void swap(small_free_memory_list& a, small_free_memory_list& b) noexcept;
        } // namespace detail
    } // namespace memory
} // namespace foonathan

#endif // FOONATHAN_MEMORY_DETAIL_SMALL_FREE_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
